LaTex基础-Table

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\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}

  table content

\end{tabular}

where options can be:

  • pos : Vertical position. It can assume the following values:
tthe line at the top is aligned with the text baseline (可以理解为一横文字的底部基线, 所有文字在这个基线上排布)
bthe line at the bottom is aligned with the text baseline
c or nonethe table is centred to the text baseline
  • cols : Defines the alignment and the borders of each column. It can have the following values:
lleft-justified column
ccentred column
rright-justified column
p{'width'}paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the top
m{'width'}paragraph column with text vertically aligned in the middle (requires array
package)
b{'width'}paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the bottom (requires array
package)
|vertical line
||double vertical line
*{num}{form}the format form is repeated num times; for example *{3}{|l}|
is equal to |l|l|l|

To separate between cells and introducing new lines use the following commands:

&column separator
\\\\start new row (additional space may be specified after \\
using square brackets, such as \\[6pt]
)
\\hlinehorizontal line between rows
\\newlinestart a new line within a cell (in a paragraph column)
\\cline{i-j}partial horizontal line beginning in column i and ending in column j

1. 用table制作封面:

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% 用于制作更复杂的封面
\title{\makebox{
    \begin{tabular}{c}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/nankai.jpg} \\
         \textbf{课程报告} \\
         xxxxxx
    \end{tabular}
    }
}
\author{\makebox{
    \begin{tabular}{cc}
        姓名： & xxxx  \\
        学号： & xxxx
    \end{tabular}
}}
\date{\today}

2. 将表格进行整体缩放(并不推荐, 除非迫不得已)

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\resizebox{\textwidth}{15mm}{
  \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
    \hline
    \  & 平均运行时间(单位: s) \\
    \hline
    训练阶段 & 2333.5593 \\
    测试阶段 & \  \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
}  % 只能包含tabular 不能包含文本 如 \caption

3. 整体调整每一列宽度

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\setlength{\tabcolsep}{7mm}{
  \begin{tabular}{cccccc} 
    \toprule
    Models  &  $\hat c$  &  $\hat\alpha$  &  $\hat\beta_0$  &  $\hat\beta_1$  &  $\hat\beta_2$  \\ \hline
    model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
    model  & 12.4089  & 0.5169  & 18.6986  & -6.6157  & - \\
    model  & 14.8586  & 0.4991  & 19.5421  & -7.0717  & 0.2183  \\
    model  & 3.06302  & 0.41266  & 0.11725  & - & - \\
    model  & 1.24089  & 0.51691  & 0.83605  & -0.66157  & - \\
    model  & 1.48586  & 0.49906  & 0.95609  & -0.70717  & 0.02183  \\
    \bottomrule
    \caption{哈哈哈}
  \end{tabular}
}  % 这个可以包含很多元素

4. 设置列高

\rule{线的宽度}{线撑起的高度}

线设置为0pt宽度, 就可以起到撑起单元格的作用了

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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
  \hline
  \  & 平均运行时间(单位: s) \\
  \hline
  \rule{0pt}{8pt}训练阶段 & 2333.5593 \\
  测试阶段 & \  \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}

5. 三线表

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\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{float}%提供float浮动环境
\usepackage{booktabs}%提供命令\toprule、\midrule、\bottomrule
 
\begin{document}
 
  %经典三线表
  \begin{table}[H]
    \caption{\textbf{Example 1}}%标题
    \centering%把表居中
    \begin{tabular}{c{80pt}c{80pt}c{80pt}c{80pt}}%四个c代表该表一共四列，内容全部居中
    \toprule%第一道横线
    Item 1&Item 2&Item 3&Item 4 \\
    \midrule%第二道横线 
    Data1&Data2&Data3&Data4 \\
    Data5&Data6&Data7&Data8 \\
    \bottomrule%第三道横线
    \end{tabular}
  \end{table}
 
\end{document}

6. 复杂表格

多列表格中用\cline 控制哪几列有横线: \cline{3-5} 表示第3列和第5列有横线.

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% 如果要间隔一列加横线只要两个指令就行
\begin{tabular}{llrr} 
  a &b &c &d \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-4} 
  e &f &g &h 
\end{tabular}

如果用了booktabs, 想要\cline类似的多列横线, 则可以使用\cmidrule, 这个比\midrule更细

解释

解释2

\usepackage{multirow}

\multirow{nrows}[bigstruct]{width}[fixup]{text}

  • nrows: 占用的行数
  • bigstructs: 可选, 在使用了bigstruct宏包时用
  • width: 该栏宽度, 如果为*则由LaTex自行决定
  • fixup: 可选项, 调整文本的垂直位置
  • text: 所要排版的文本, 可以用 \ 强制换行
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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline
  %跨行（将两行合并为一行） 第一个参数指明跨几行 记得下一行对应位置空出来 不然会重叠, 第二个参数是宽度
  \multirow{2}{*}{1} & 11 & 111 & 1111 & 11111 \\
  \cline{2-5}
   & 22 & 222 & 2222 & 22222 \\
  \hline
  3 & 33 & 333 & 3333 & 33333 \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}

\multicolumn{ncols}{指明对齐方式以及方格线}{单元格内容}

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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline
  % after \\: \hline or \cline{col1-col2} \cline{col3-col4} ...
  %跨列（将两列合并为一列）第一个参数指明跨几列  第二个参数指明内容居中并在左右两边画上直线 最后一个参数是表格内容
  \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{1}  & 111 & 1111 & 11111 \\
  \hline
   2 & 22 & 222 & 2222 & 22222 \\
  \hline
  3 & 33 & 333 & 3333 & 33333 \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}

7. 表格的列方向上分散对齐

\makebox[width][position]{text}

\makebox[4em][s]{content}

  • l - left
  • r - right
  • s - interword space adjusted so text fills box exactly
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\begin{tabular}{rl}
  \makebox[4em][s]{论文题目}：        & \@title\\
  \makebox[4em][s]{专\hspace{\fill}业}：& \@major\\
  \makebox[4em][s]{博\hspace{\fill}士\hspace{\fill}生}：      & \@author\\
  \makebox[4em][s]{指导教师}：        & \@advisorname \,\, \@advisortitle
\end{tabular}
  1. 表格内换行

\makecell

解释

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\usepackage{makecell}

% ...

\begin{tabular}{cc}
  \makecell[l]{a \\ b \\ c } & 1 \\  % 用于单元格内换行
\end{tabular}

除了使用\makecell外, 还可以用嵌套tabular的方式

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\begin{tabular}{cccc}
    \toprule
        \begin{tabular}{c}
            物理机\\资源类型
        \end{tabular}
          & CPU资源（单位：核） & 内存资源（单位：G） & 机器数量 \\
     \hline
         类型一 &  32  & 64 & 6000 \\
         类型二 & 92 & 288 & 3000 \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
  1. 设置合理列宽

需要导入makecell包

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% p{xpt} 可以指定每一列的宽度， 但是这样就没有t, c, b 对齐的作用了, 但是可以自动换行!

\begin{table }[ htbp]
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{p{80 pt}p{80 pt}p{80 pt}}
  \toprule
  操作系统 & 发行版 & 编辑器 \\
  \midrule
  Windows & MikTeX & TexMakerX \\
   Unix/Linux & teTeX & Kile \\
  Mac OS & MacTeX & TeXShop \\
   通用 & TeX Live & TeXworks \\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
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% p{80pt}<{\centering}

\begin{table }[ htbp]
 \centering
  \begin{tabular }{p{80 pt}<{\centering}p{80 pt}<{\raggedleft\arraybackslash }p{80 pt}}
 \toprule
操作系统 & 发行版 & 编辑器 \\
 \midrule
Windows & MikTeX & TexMakerX \\
 Unix/Linux & teTeX & Kile \\
Mac OS & MacTeX & TeXShop \\
 通用 & TeX Live & TeXworks \\
 \bottomrule
 \end{tabular}
\end{table}

9. 将表旋转90度显示

使用宏包rotating

将table环境改为sidewaytable

  • \usepackage[figuresleft]{rotating}: 顺时针90度
  • \usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}: 逆时针90度
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\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}

%...

\begin{sidewaystable}[htp]
	\caption{This is a caption}  
	\centering  %表格整体居中
  \footnotesize  %设置字体
	\begin{tabular}{l*{7}{L{3cm}}} %共7列，每一列列宽为3cm
    %...
	\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

multicolumn 小结

  • m{5cm}: 居中
  • p{5cm}: 顶部
  • b{5cm}: 底部

multicolumn的位置设置

1. 垂直居中

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\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Day & Min Temp & Max Temp & Summary \\
\hline
% 注意, multicolumn中 | 会覆盖全局的边框设置, 不加的话, 对应单元格也没边框
Monday & 11C & 22C & \multicolumn{1}{|p{5cm}|}{A clear day with lots of sunshine. However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures.} \\
\hline
Tuesday & 9C & 19C & \multicolumn{1}{|m{5cm}|}{Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland, but rain reaching the far northwest.} \
\hline
Wednesday & 10C & 21C & \multicolumn{1}{|b{5cm}|}{Rain will still linger for the morning. Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue throughout the evening.} \\
\hline

\end{tabular}

\end{center}

2. 垂直且水平居中

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\documentclass[a4paper,twoside,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsbsy}%
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{calc}
\newcolumntype{N}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{.5in}}  % \arraybackslash 就是那个 \\
\newcolumntype{G}{>{\bfseries\centering\arraybackslash}m{2in+6\tabcolsep}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{*{9}{N|}}
\cline{2-9}
\multicolumn{1}{N|}{} & \multicolumn{4}{G|}{Emissions (Pre Catalytic Converter)} & \multicolumn{4}{G|}{Emissions (Post Catalytic Converter)} \tabularnewline  \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|N|}{\textbf{Dyno Load (\%)}} & \textbf{CO (\%)} & \textbf{HC (ppm)} & \textbf{Nox (ppm)} & \textbf{$\boldsymbol{\mathrm{CO_2}}$ (\%)} & \textbf{CO (\%)} & \textbf{HC (ppm)} & \textbf{Nox (ppm)} & \textbf{$\boldsymbol{\mathrm{CO_2}}$ (\%)} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|N|}{10} & 0.77 & 23 & 523 & 14.0 & 0.09 & 18 & 130 & 13.8 \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{30} & 0.78 & 13 & 555 & 14.2 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{70} & 0.70 & 14 & 580 & 14.4 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{90} & 0.74 & 15 & 630 & 14.5 & 0.70 & 15 & 618 & 14.6 \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Neutral} & 0.06 & 7 & 21 & 15.6 & 0.06 & 5 & 27 & 15.7 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{\textbf{}}
\label{2000Emissions}
\end{table}

\end{document}

3. newcolumntype是如何工作的呢?

详情可见: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/257128/how-does-the-newcolumntype-command-work

\arraybackslash

As for \arraybackslash, the \raggedright, \raggedleft, and \centering declarations refine \ in a way that conflicts with its use in a tabular or array environments. The command \arraybackslash (implemented in array and tabularx) restoresthe meaning of \ for use in array and tabular (you would only need \arraybackslash for the last column).

教程 > 文档撰写 > LaTex
#LaTex
LaTex基础-Table
https://www.torch-fan.site/2022/08/02/LaTex基础-Table/
作者
Torch-Fan
发布于
2022年8月2日
更新于
2022年11月15日
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